Liquid washing and cleaning products require preservation to prevent foilage during storage. However, the widespread use of allergenic preservatives can lead to skin sensitisation and allergic contact dermatitis. The incidence of contact allergy caused by some of these substances has been shown to be increasing.
It was assessed that knowledge is lacking concerning the extent of use and concentration of preservatives in washing and cleaning products that are available to Danish consumers. This project maps their use, quantifies the content, discusses health-related issues, and helps to clarify the need for further regulation.
Market information shows that a small number of preservatives (phenoxyethanol, ethanol, methylisothiazolinone (MIT), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and sodium benzoate) dominate, and that preservatives are often used in combination. Of 53 products analysed, 29 contained two or more preservatives. The most common combination was MIT and BIT (16 products).
MIT occurred most frequently in the analysed products. The highest concentration (190 ppm) was found in a hand-dishwashing liquid purchased in the EU. In seven cases the measured concentration exceeded the forthcoming EU limit value.
Recent EU approvals set maximum limits (360 ppm (BIT); 15 ppm (MIT)) applicable by 1 October 2026 (BIT) and 1 February 2027 (MIT). The limits equal the substances’ specific concentration limits triggering classification as Skin Sens. 1A (H317) under the CLP Regulation.
Possible labelling discrepancies were observed for 31 of the 53 products analysed. Such inconsistencies make it difficult for consumers to avoid specific substances. Clear and reliable product labelling is important for consumer safety - especially for people who are already sensitised to certain chemicals.
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