Results: The developed model was evaluated and calibrated at both pilot and full-scale facilities. At the pilot scale, the model accurately replicated N₂O dynamics under controlled experimental conditions, providing insights into the processes governing emissions. At Bjergmarken Wastewater Treatment Plant, DK (125,000 PE), the model demonstrated strong agreement between simulated and observed values for key parameters such as ammonium, nitrate, TSS, and N₂O under varying operating conditions, including wet weather events. Scenario analyses identified optimization strategies that could reduce CO₂-equivalent emissions by up to 30% and operational costs by 25%, while also improving effluent quality.
Conclusion: The implementation of the Digital Twin technology, evaluated at both pilot and full-scale facilities, shows significant potential for optimizing wastewater treatment operations and reducing climate impacts. This virtual tool allows plant operators to evaluate and assess strategies in a simulated environment before applying them in practice. The project illustrates that Digital Twin technology can enhance sustainability in the water sector, support national climate goals, and provide a robust platform for improved decision-making.